Compare New Caledonia (2007) - Nauru (2006)

Compare New Caledonia (2007) z Nauru (2006)

	New Caledonia (2007)	Nauru (2006)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Province des Iles, Province Nord, and Province Sud	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure	0-14 years: 27.9% (male 31,578/female 30,270) 15-64 years: 65.3% (male 72,821/female 72,109) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 7,047/female 8,118) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 36.9% (male 2,507/female 2,391) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 4,004/female 4,123) 65 years and over: 2% (male 139/female 123) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products; fish	coconuts
Airports	25 (2007)	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 6 (2007)	-
Area	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.	The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate	17.75 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	24.76 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $996 million expenditures: $1.072 billion (2001 est.)	revenues: $13.5 million expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)
Capital	name: Noumea geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid	tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline	2,254 km	30 km
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru local long form: Republic of Nauru local short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Death rate	5.72 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$79 million (1998 est.)	$33.3 million (2002)
Dependency status	territorial collectivity of France since 1998	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074 FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079 consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Disputes - international	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu	none
Economic aid - recipient	$524.3 million annual subsidy from France (2004)	$20 million mostly from Australia
Economy - overview	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.	Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption	1.403 billion kWh (2005)	21.39 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	1.508 billion kWh (2005)	23 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 95.025 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by High Commissioner Yves DASSONVILLE (since 9 November 2007) head of government: President of the Government Harold MARTIN (since 7 August 2007) cabinet: Cabinet consisting of 11 members elected from and by the Territorial Congress elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress for a five-year term (no term limits); note - last election held 7 August 2007 when Harold MARTIN was elected following the resignation of Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU as president on 24 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012)	chief of state: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 22 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 22 June 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Ludwig SCOTTY was unopposed in the parliamentary elections for president
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish	phosphates
Exports - partners	Japan 17.8%, Taiwan 14.9%, France 13.7%, China 11.1%, Spain 9.7%, Belgium 7.5%, Italy 6.2%, Australia 4.7% (2006)	South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2005)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of France is used	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 15% industry: 8.8% services: 76.2% (2003)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	21 30 S, 165 30 E	0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports	6 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners	France 38.9%, Singapore 15.3%, Australia 11.4%, NZ 4.8% (2006)	South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2005)
Independence	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-0.6% (1996)	NA%
Industries	nickel mining and smelting	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.12 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 9.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.4% (2000 est.)	-3.6% (1993)
International organization participation	ITUC, PIF (observer), SPC, UPU, WFTU, WMO	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land	100 sq km (2003)	NA
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court	Supreme Court
Labor force	78,990 (2004)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 20% industry: 20% services: 60% (2002)	note: 0.1% employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.32% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 99.46% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system	based on French civil law; the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres du territoire (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPCR-UMP 16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UC 7, FN 4, others 3 note: New Caledonia currently holds one seat in the French Senate; by 2010, New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; New Caledonia also elects two seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 10 and 17 June 2007 (next to be held on June 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held not later than 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15 note: the president dissolved parliament on 30 September 2004 and set new elections for 23 October 2004
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.5 years male: 71.52 years female: 77.63 years (2007 est.)	total population: 63.08 years male: 59.5 years female: 66.84 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.2% male: 96.8% female: 95.5% (1996 census)	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,566 GRT/2,543 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2007)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	NA
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards	cyclones, most frequent from November to March	periodic droughts
Natural resources	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper	phosphates, fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonian Union or UC; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independence) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	221,943 (July 2007 est.)	13,287 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.203% (2007 est.)	1.81% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.868 male(s)/female total population: 1.009 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	55,300 (2005)	1,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	134,300 (2005)	1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	6 (plus 25 repeaters) (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	coastal plains with interior mountains	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate	2.25 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	17.1% (2004)	90% (2004 est.)

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